Urea is one of the most widely used fertilizers in agriculture. It contains a high concentration of nitrogen, which is essential for plant growth and development. When urea is applied to soil, it is converted into ammonium, which can be used by plants as a source of nitrogen. The effects of urea application on soil are complex and depend on various factors, including the amount of urea applied, the soil type, and the crop being grown. In this article, we will discuss the effects of urea application on soil in detail. Effects of Urea Application on Soil: Increase in Soil Fertility: The primary effect of urea application on soil is an increase in soil fertility. Urea contains a high concentration of nitrogen, which is an essential nutrient for plant growth. When urea is applied to soil, it is broken down by soil microorganisms into ammonium and nitrate ions, which are used by plants as a source of nitrogen. This leads to an increase in plant growth and productivity, which ultimately improves soil fertility. Improvement in Soil Structure: Urea application can also improve soil structure. Soil structure refers to the arrangement of soil particles and the way they are held together. Urea application can improve soil structure by promoting the growth of soil microorganisms that produce substances that bind soil particles together. This leads to the formation of stable soil aggregates that are resistant to erosion and promote water infiltration. Increase in Soil Acidity: Urea application can increase soil acidity. Urea is a weak acid and when it is applied to soil, it is hydrolyzed to ammonium ions and bicarbonate ions. The ammonium ions are converted to nitrate ions by soil bacteria, and the bicarbonate ions are released into the soil. The release of bicarbonate ions can increase soil pH and make the soil more alkaline. This can have negative effects on plant growth, especially for crops that prefer acidic soils.