Genetic screening has undergone a profound transformation in the genomic era, fueled by advancements in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics. This review examines the opportunities and challenges presented by genetic screening in the context of the rapidly evolving landscape of genomics. We discuss the expanding applications of genetic screening, from prenatal testing to population-wide initiatives, and the implications for healthcare, including disease prevention and personalized medicine. Additionally, we explore the ethical, legal, and social considerations surrounding genetic screening, emphasizing the need for informed decision-making and equitable access to genetic services. By analyzing recent research and emerging trends, this review provides insights into the future directions of genetic screening and its role in shaping healthcare policies and practices.